Enforcement
Enforcement
Does the leverage work?
The contractual architecture in Operations depends on an unstated assumption: that vendors confronted with regulatory obligations will rationally negotiate over their offering rather than paying the fine, suing, withdrawing some products, or — in the limit — leaving the market. The historical record suggests that assumption holds only conditionally.
- 5.1 The GDPR record
Eight years of GDPR enforcement.
- 5.2 The DMA record
Gatekeeper designations and the DMA compliance posture.
- 5.3 Selective vendor exit
When a vendor exit is enforceable.
- 5.4 U.S. retaliation
CLOUD Act, export controls, and reciprocal tools.
- 5.5 The balance: regulation needs alternatives
When regulation alone isn't enough.